Interpretation of AC, three-phase and DC charging at charging stations

At present, charging stations on the market generally have three charging modes to choose from, namely AC charging, three-phase charging and DC charging.
1. In AC charging, electric vehicles can be directly connected to a household socket through a charging cable, which is also called charging mode 1 under the IEC 62196-2 standard, and is now basically eliminated because its safety is too low. However, by integrating an in-cable control box (ICCB) on the cable, it is equivalent to adding a controller, which can play a certain protective role. This mode is also called "emergency charging" in AC charging up to 3.6KW. Not all car chargers can be charged with high current. Some older chargers are only suitable for single-phase charging with household sockets (3.6KW). The charging time is too long, and it is recommended to replace them if possible.
2. In the three-phase charging, the aforementioned charging cable with the ICCB control box and the cable directly connected to the household socket are used on the 400V three-phase socket, which can also be connected to the three-phase AC network. The cable of the charging station is equipped with a type 2 plug or installed on the charging station. The ICCB controller will limit the current carrying of the cable and provide protection for overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, leakage and power failure. The charger can be installed in the vehicle as an additional device (Tesla Model S up to 22 kW) or as part of the engine control (Renault Zoé up to 43 kW).
3. In DC charging, the charging cable is permanently connected to the DC charging pile. When the other charging connector is connected to the vehicle, it is directly connected to the DC power, which is a fast charging option. Unlike AC systems, the charging operation of an electric vehicle is independent of its built-in on-board charger, and in cars in Asia Pacific, the CHAdeMO connection is integrated on the vehicle, while the Tesla Supercharger connection is also standard on the vehicle.
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